Olives are among the most drought-tolerant and long-lived fruit trees suited to Australian conditions, thriving in a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. They are commercially grown across South Australia, Victoria, and WA and are increasingly popular in home gardens. Many varieties are tracked, including Frantoio (a premium oil variety with peppery, complex flavour), Coratina (high polyphenol content, robust oil), and Del Morocco (a dual-purpose table and oil olive). Most olives are partially self-fertile, though cross-pollination with another variety significantly improves yields. Plant in full sun in any well-drained, alkaline to neutral soil. Olives are highly sensitive to waterlogging and poorly drained soils. Once established, they require minimal irrigation; excess watering produces lush growth but reduces oil content and flavour. Olives need a period of winter cold (below 10°C for at least 6-8 weeks) to initiate flower buds but will not tolerate hard frosts below minus 10°C. In WA, olives grow exceptionally well across the south-west agricultural region and throughout greater Perth. No quarantine restrictions apply to olives in WA. Prune lightly every year after harvest to maintain airflow and manage size. Olive lace bug is a common pest in eastern Australia.